New Publication Alert!
Breakthrough T1D spearheaded a paper titled “International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes” that was published in Diabetologia. This is an important step toward integrating general population screening for type 1 diabetes (T1D) into clinical practice globally. Read on to learn more about why this is important, what experts think this should look like, and what it means for you and your family.
Early Detection, Screening, and Islet Autoantibodies
Early detection of T1D means detecting the disease before symptoms appear or insulin therapy is needed. This is done through screening blood samples to detect the presence of islet autoantibodies, which signal that the body’s immune system is attacking insulin-producing cells. If a person has two or more persistent autoantibodies, they are in stage 1 or 2 T1D, and it’s very likely they’ll develop clinical, stage 3 T1D.

Making the Case for General Population T1D Screening
In 2024, Breakthrough T1D led the way with the publication of Consensus Guidance for Monitoring Persons with Islet Autoantibody-Positive Pre-Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes, which lays out what clinicians should do when T1D autoantibodies are detected. But it does not touch on the bigger question: who should get screened?
There is an urgent need for population-level screening because:
- Global T1D incidence is increasing.
- Early detection has substantial benefits.
- Most T1D diagnoses occur in people without any family history of the disease.
- Evidence from ongoing, large-scale studies around the globe has shown that we have a screening method that works.
Benefits of Early Detection
- Reduced risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis
- Option to intervene with the approved therapy Tzield (teplizumab)
- Increased eligibility for participating in disease-modifying therapy (DMT) clinical trials
- Increased early control of hyperglycemia that can reduce the risk of complications
- Time to plan, prepare, and empower educated decision-making
Breakthrough T1D convened a group of nearly 30 international experts to establish consensus that can act as a clinical roadmap to make general population screening a reality.
Key Recommendations for Clinical Adoption of General Population T1D Screening
So, who should get screened? Experts recommend that T1D screening begin in young children aged 2-4 years, with rescreening of children who test negative at ages 4-6 years and again at 10-15 years, aligned with other preventative healthcare visits. Every initial screening result should be confirmed with another test before diagnosis.
This may seem simple enough, but integrating screening into established clinical workflows will require collective effort. Healthcare systems must be fully prepared to deliver the entire screening, monitoring, and referral pathway before widespread integration. Policy and infrastructure must be in place, including established processes for confirming test results, education and monitoring of people with early-stage T1D, and referring people to specialists. In addition, healthcare professionals (HCPs) will need to effectively communicate with and provide psychosocial support to families at every step of the screening process.
The bottom line is that integrating general population T1D screening into clinics will require extensive cooperation across diverse medical settings to become a reality. But the payoff is clear: combined with Tzield and other emerging DMTs, general population screening should open the door to delaying—and eventually preventing—the onset of clinical, stage 3 T1D.
What this Means for You and Your Family
Right now, children and adults with or without a family history of T1D can participate in screening through free, research-based programs like TrialNet and ASK. Screening can be done in-person at certain locations, or screening kits can be sent straight to your home.
Based on the consensus guidance, families may consider starting to screen their children as early as ages 2-4. If the screening test detects autoantibodies, there are now concrete next steps that families can discuss with their physicians. You don’t have to wait until general population screening is integrated into clinics to take advantage of it.
Screening and Early Detection are Key to Breakthrough T1D’s Mission
General population T1D screening is a key part of our mission strategy, and more people screening means more people experiencing the benefits of early detection. To screen as many people as possible, clinicians need guidance—and this publication provides just that. We now have concrete recommendations for who to screen for T1D and when. Even more, this consensus has been signed off by almost every single one of our peer institutions, amounting to 20 global diabetes societies and organizations.
This publication is bringing conversations around general population T1D screening to the forefront. Breakthrough T1D is committed to expanding T1D early detection on a global scale, and widespread screening is one of our top priorities. We are mobilizing our resources, knowledge, and partnerships to make this a reality sooner so that more families around the world can benefit.
To accomplish our mission of a world without type 1 diabetes (T1D), one thing is clear: the more minds we have thinking about T1D, the better. That’s why Breakthrough T1D brings in interns each year, including in our Research department. Training the next generation isn’t just about career development—it’s about fresh eyes, new ideas, diverse expertise, and encouraging interest in our common goal.
Breakthrough T1D’s Research Program
The goal of Breakthrough T1D’s Research program is to advance T1D science by supporting scientists, researchers and clinicians to accelerate life-changing breakthroughs for the T1D community. Our Research team members drive this effort forward through careful consideration of the T1D research landscape—identifying gaps and solutions, establishing long-term relationships with researchers in the field, and ultimately investing in the most promising avenues toward T1D cures and treatments.
Our 2026 interns have come from diverse backgrounds, each bringing a unique perspective to the teams and projects which they contributed to over the summer. From business development, to funding landscapes, to literature reviews and analyses, each intern leveraged their skills while simultaneously learning and growing under the mentorship of our Research team members.
Read on to learn more about each intern and the projects they worked on.

Jihyun Park
Mentor: Racquel Enad, MS, MPH, Senior Manager of Research Partnerships & Alliances
Jihyun is a master’s student in biotechnology at Columbia University. With bachelor’s degrees in both Life Sciences and Statistics, she is passionate about bridging science, data, and business. She has experience in coordinating cross-functional projects and building practical and quantitative tools that improve operational efficiency and business decision-making in the biotech and healthcare sector. In her free time, Jihyun likes to explore new favorite cafes, exercise, and play the electric guitar.
Over the summer, Jihyun worked with the Research Business Development and Partnerships team to strengthen alliance management for the Industry Development and Discovery Partnerships (IDDP) Program. She built a database of IDDP company grantees and their milestones (e.g., financings, partnerships, and clinical progress) since the program began in 2004, developed a tool the team can use to stay current on grantees’ progress after their awards, and created a visualization that maps how IDDP companies connect with one another and the broader T1D industry. Together, these resources help the team measure the program’s long-term impact and identify new opportunities to support grantees.

Sophia Meininger
Mentor: Matt Whipple, Analyst, Research Strategy
Sophia is part of an accelerated program at Binghamton University, completing a dual undergraduate degree in Global Public Health and Africana Studies, and she will begin a Master of Public Health (MPH) program this fall. Her academic work and leadership experiences have shaped a deep passion for health equity, community engagement, and advocacy. Sophia has lived with T1D since she was four years old, so contributing to Breakthrough T1D’s mission was, in her words, a genuine privilege.
This summer, Sophia joined Breakthrough T1D’s program management team to build a global funding landscape for type 1 diabetes research. Over the course of her internship, Sophia researched the foundations, government agencies, and regional funders supporting T1D research with a focus on regions where the T1D research ecosystem is still taking shape. The landscape identified the leading institutions and investigators driving T1D research forward. Sophia presented her findings to the Research department, showing the funding dynamics in these regions and identifying opportunities for collaboration. Her work gave Breakthrough T1D a stronger foundation for continuing to be an international organization to connect researchers, funders, and the T1D community across borders.

Aliaa Elkallini
Mentor: Nicholas Mamrak, Ph.D., Senior Scientist
Aliaa is pursuing Bachelor of Science and M.D. degrees at the Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, which is part of the City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine. She’s specifically interested in understanding how scientific findings can be translated into meaningful improvements in patient care.
This summer, Aliaa joined Breakthrough T1D’s Cell Therapy team. Her work focused on the characterization of manufactured islets, which can vary significantly and make it difficult to compare data and reproduce findings. To address this gap, she reviewed published studies, identified where characterization practices were consistent or fragmented, and spoke with investigators to understand which information is most useful in practice. From this work, she developed two complementary frameworks: one focused on the minimum information needed to clearly characterize manufactured islets and another that adjusts expectations based on the purpose of the study. Together, these frameworks are meant to give Breakthrough T1D and investigators a more consistent way to evaluate new approaches, understand which information should be available, and compare the strength of the evidence when considering future research support.

Avi Patel
Mentor: Raquel Lopez Diez, Ph.D., Senior Scientist
Avi is an MPH candidate at Long Island University Brooklyn. She previously trained as a dentist in India, and her interests lie in health systems, health services research, and the policy levers that govern access and delivery. Avi brings expertise in epidemiology, biostatistics, health policy, and research methods, plus a clinician’s perspective from the point of care. Outside of work, she loves reading classic literature, cooking, and exploring the city’s art galleries and cafes.
Avi supported Breakthrough T1D’s Early Detection portfolio by conducting a global landscape and gap analysis of T1D screening programs. She designed and led a survey of international screening programs, examining how they are designed and implemented, and identified gaps and opportunities for improvement. To build a complete picture of the field, she drew on organizational records, published literature, and clinical trial registries, then validated the resulting data for accuracy.
Avi compared program methodology against international clinical consensus guidelines to assess how closely the field aligns with evidence-based screening practice, and she synthesized her findings into an executive-level presentation for organizational leadership, translating complex comparative data into clear, actionable recommendations. Her work gives Breakthrough T1D a stronger foundation for understanding the global screening landscape and identifying where to focus future early detection efforts.

Kenzie Li
Mentor: Gianna Strand, MS, Ph.D., Associate Director, Clinical Research
Kenzie is a master’s student at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City, where she studies Biostatistics and Data Science. She is passionate about using data to tackle real healthcare challenges and to make clinical trials work better for the people who take part in them. She is also a talented artist across different mediums, including oil painting, marker drawing, and pen-and-ink illustration.
During her internship with the Clinical Research team, Kenzie played a key role in examining the real-world barriers and facilitators that clinical trial participants face. Kenzie worked on the final stages of data analysis, built visualizations, and incorporated information from a comparison study of similar trials in Europe. These results will help inform how Breakthrough T1D supports the design of more accessible, participant-centered trials in the future.
Kenzie also kicked off an ambitious new project: a landscape gap analysis mapping clinical T1D evidence across the globe from 1975 to 2026. Once complete, this map will let Breakthrough T1D pinpoint where research evidence is missing or outdated. This supports the Research team in identifying and focusing future mission-driven projects toward the populations and regions where they are needed most.
By investing time and mentorship in our interns, we’re essentially investing in up-and-coming thought leaders and emboldening them to take part in our mission. They remind us that progress toward a world without T1D depends on the people we bring into this challenge. “The summer interns bring a fresh perspective and creativity to their projects, giving us a better understanding of T1D and how to advance our mission,” explains Matt Whipple, one of this year’s mentors.
They are the next researchers, public health experts, doctors, advocates, and more that will help us accomplish our goal, now and in the future. Our interns advance Breakthrough T1D’s work today by bringing new ideas, questions, and energy that will carry the mission forward to tomorrow.
“Making progress toward our mission requires us to stay innovative, analytical, and open to learning. Training the next generation is important not only because we can help develop future leaders, but because we learn from them too. That exchange of ideas, perspectives, and curiosity helps move us closer to breakthroughs in T1D,” shares Racquel Enad, another mentor.
Thank you to our 2026 interns for their contributions, and we look forward to seeing what they will accomplish next!
In March 2026, Jaipur, India, hosted something unprecedented: the first global gathering dedicated to ending diabetes stigma and beginning to build solutions.
The inaugural Global Summit to End Diabetes Stigma welcomed 190 participants from 35 countries. More than half were living with diabetes themselves. They came not simply to describe the problem, but to chart a path toward meaningful, lasting change.
Nothing About Us Without Us—in Practice
The Summit was built around a simple but powerful principle: #NothingAboutUsWithoutUs.
That’s not a slogan. It shaped every aspect of the event.

The 16-member Steering Committee represented 10 countries, with 11 members bringing lived experience of diabetes. On the Summit’s opening day, participants calculated that the room represented more than 1,300 cumulative years of lived and loved experience with diabetes—a powerful reminder that the people most affected by diabetes stigma are also best equipped to help solve it.
Ensuring diverse voices were present was equally important. Eighty-five delegates attended through full #dedoc° travel scholarships made possible by Breakthrough T1D and several industry sponsors. Nearly nine in ten scholarship recipients had lived experience of diabetes, and more than 60% came from low- and middle-income countries. For many, it was their first international conference. For some, it was their first time traveling internationally.
Guiding conversations throughout the event was Renza Scibilia, Breakthrough T1D’s Senior Director for Global Responsibility and one of the Summit’s emcees. A longtime advocate for the Language Matters movement, she helped facilitate discussions rooted in both lived expertise and real life with T1D.
From Stories to Solutions
“We weren’t talking about people with diabetes—we were talking as people with diabetes.”
-Renza Scibilia
Across two days, participants gave voice to the many ways diabetes stigma shows up in everyday life. They spoke about being blamed for a diagnosis they did not cause. About language that diminishes rather than empowers. About navigating healthcare systems, workplaces, schools, and communities where a medical condition is too often misunderstood as a personal failing.
These experiences are far from isolated. According to research published in The Lancet, four in five people living with diabetes report experiencing stigma, and one in three report discrimination.
What made this Summit different was what happened next. The Summit began with stories. It ended with evidence, commitments, and a shared commitment to creating a roadmap for action.
Together, participants explored opportunities to improve language, strengthen healthcare, influence public awareness campaigns, advance policy, and elevate diabetes stigma within international human rights frameworks.
The Summit concluded with an agreement to turn ideas into commitments, reinforcing that meaningful progress depends not only on conversation, but on sustained action.
A Beginning, Not a Conclusion
The Global Summit represented the next step: from commitment to coordinated action.
No single meeting can end diabetes stigma.
But the Global Summit marked an important turning point.
A global roadmap for action is now being co-designed, informed by the evidence shared in Jaipur and the commitments participants made together. The work will continue across countries, organizations, and communities, building on the momentum created by this first gathering.
For Breakthrough T1D, the Summit reinforced a belief that guides our work around the world: the most meaningful progress on access, equity, and care happens when people with lived experience are not simply represented—they are trusted to lead.
The conversations in Jaipur have ended.
The movement they strengthened is only beginning.
For more information, including key outcomes and ongoing initiatives, visit the End Diabetes Stigma website.
For more information about Breakthrough T1D’s global initiatives, visit Our Global Presence and ALIGN-T1D.
Spotlight on Jessie Stover

Jessie Stover is the Development Manager at Breakthrough T1D’s Indiana Chapter. Stover was born and raised in Evansville, Indiana, and she now lives in Indianapolis with her two cats, Milo and Zuko. She enjoys reading, crafting, concerts, and “baking gluten-free desserts so good that no one can tell they’re gluten-free.”
Here, Stover tells her story: from type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis as a toddler, to an insulin pump clinical trial, to learning how to manage her T1D as a teenager, to a new outlook on living with the condition as an adult. Breakthrough T1D thanks Stover for her bravery in sharing her story and her commitment to the T1D community.
Gummy Bears and Insulin Shots

Stover was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when she was just 2 years old. While her family has a history of autoimmune disorders, “there is no one else in my family with T1D, so it was a big shock to my parents, and we all had so much to learn,” explains Stover.
The learning process started in the kitchen, with a container forever-full of gummy bears to treat lows, a new kitchen scale to measure and track carbs, and sugar-free versions of things Stover had always enjoyed, like Kool-Aid. Between her parents, grandparents, and school secretary, she had “quite the village.”
But, like any kid, Stover didn’t like shots, and she remembers running away from her parents when it was time for an insulin dose.
A Kiddo in a Clinical Trial
During one of Stover’s appointments with her endocrinologist in Indianapolis, she was referred to a clinical trial exploring whether young children could benefit from an insulin pump. “My mom is a very practical person, so it was almost a no-brainer for her since it meant the possibility of no more insulin shots, and it could help manage my blood sugars more smoothly,” explains Stover. No shots sounded pretty good.
By the age of 4, she was enrolled in the trial and using her first insulin pump. Stover noticed a difference immediately; the pump site insertion didn’t hurt at all because they had the option to use a numbing cream. The relief was tangible not just for Stover, but also for her primary caregiver: her mom. Using an insulin pump meant automatically calculated insulin doses, remote control of insulin dosing, and, most importantly, no more shots. Stover has been using an insulin pump ever since.


Learn More about Clinical Trials
Visit Breakthrough T1D’s clinical trials web page to learn more about how you can get involved in clinical trials. Use our clinical trial matching tool to find recruiting trials near you that you may be eligible for. Connect with a Clinical Trial Education Volunteer in your area to better understand the process and get your questions answered.
Being a Teenager is Hard Enough

As Stover grew into a teenager, she also grew into managing T1D on her own. This was when she first truly understood what her diagnosis meant. “It wasn’t new, but it was as if something finally clicked in my brain that it wasn’t going to go away, and now it was my turn to do all the work,” she explains. Coupled with stressful conversations around needing to “do better” to avoid future complications, it was a tough transition, and Stover struggled to find the resources to help her get through it. “Just because the textbook makes it look easy, and my mom made it look easy, it felt like I was expected to immediately do the same,” Stover recalls.
It all changed when someone on Stover’s diabetes care team said: “Being a teenager is hard enough. Adding T1D into the mix is like trying to stop a volcano from erupting!” For the first time, Stover felt that everything she was feeling about being a teen and managing T1D had been put perfectly into words. “I realized I was allowed to be angry, upset, and unhappy, and I didn’t have to just accept T1D and move on. Stepping back and allowing space to understand and grieve my diagnosis helped me,” she said.
This realization opened the door to more candid conversations and a stronger relationship with her parents. Stover was able to openly discuss her mental health needs and set boundaries around what she felt comfortable sharing with her parents about her T1D. “I let myself have space to have bad days and started celebrating the good. I started celebrating my diaversary and stopped trying to make other people comfortable with what I was going through, because I was the one going through it and I needed to do what I needed to do,” Stover explains.
Mental Health Guide
Check out Breakthrough T1D’s Mental Health Guide, which has everything you need to help you navigate the day-to-day of living with T1D.
A Fresh Outlook on Living With T1D

While Stover’s mindset around T1D evolved over the years, she also feels that mental health resources have improved dramatically since she was a teen. Now, she advocates for people living with T1D to take advantage of therapy or connect with others on social media who are experiencing the same thing. “There’s an entire community of people who decided diabetes wasn’t going to be invisible, and in doing so, more honest conversations can happen,” Stover explains. “We know more about chronic illness fatigue, medical trauma, and the effect of societal pressure to be ‘normal.’ If you go looking, you can find someone talking about it. Validation is a very powerful thing.”
Stover’s fortitude shined through when she was diagnosed with Celiac disease right after she graduated college. This time, things went a little differently; Stover had learned to give herself grace, and she found that figuring out how to manage a second autoimmune disease was a bit easier this time around.
In the years since Stover first started using an insulin pump, diabetes technology rapidly advanced with the evolution of pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), which, when used together, are called an automated insulin delivery (AID) system. As she grew up, Stover was hesitant to put her trust in new systems. “There are so many nuances to T1D care, and it’s been hard to wrap my head around how technology could know me better than I know myself,” Stover explains.
Yet, she eventually decided to add a CGM to her T1D management toolkit. “It is nice to be able to see how your glucose levels are trending,” Stover said. Despite living with anxiety around technology failures and hypoglycemia, Stover found a way to make CGMs work for her. She has her low alarm set when her glucose levels reach 100 mg/dL—well before the typical threshold of 70 mg/dL—so she can execute a plan of action before her blood sugars drop further. “It’s a little extra peace of mind to know that I can catch a low before it becomes a big problem.”
From kid to adult and all the ups and downs in between, Stover found how to manage her T1D in the way that works best for her.
Breakthrough T1D was (and Still is) Along for the Ride

Stover and her family were connected with other T1D families and Breakthrough T1D from the very start. There was a “tiny but mighty” team of parents who started a Breakthrough T1D Walk in Southern Indiana during Stover’s childhood, which, over time, often included many of her friends and classmates. Over two decades later, the Holiday World Walk in Indiana is still alive and well (and organized by Stover herself!).
In addition to Walk, Stover was a Youth Ambassador. “Breakthrough T1D has been a part of my life almost as much as T1D has. And now, getting to be a part of sharing the Walk with other families is truly a gift,” she says.
Word to the Wise
A word of advice from Stover: T1D is only invisible if you let it be. She encourages people living with the condition to take up space.
“Celebrate your diaversary, bedazzle your Omnipod, rock your fun patterned tapes, celebrate with diabesties. Find little ways to bring joy into it, but also take the time to feel the bad days. Take the time to learn how to let the good and bad coexist.”
Talk about T1D. Take advantage of resources. Connect with others online and in person. Give yourself grace. We can all learn a thing or two from Stover!

“We were never meant to do the job of the pancreas. Everyone carries the weight of T1D differently; everyone processes and grieves differently. There are going to be bad days, and the bad days should NEVER be punished. Grace, compassion, and a safe space to authentically be a person living with T1D will have a much better outcome. The only party at fault is the immune system that attacked the wrong thing.”
-Jessie Stover
Written by journalist Moira McCarthy, a dedicated Breakthrough T1D supporter, advocate, and volunteer.
It’s a sunny midmorning at the Travelers Championship in Cromwell, Connecticut, and J.J. Spaun and I—a golf columnist by trade—have a lot to talk about.
But first, the ritual that takes place every time we spot a “T1D in the wild.” Knowing our shared background—me, a type 1 diabetes (T1D)-mom 29 years into my daughter’s life with this and he, a person with diabetes (PWD) still in his first decade of T1D life—we hug, exchange knowing nods and of course, look at our phone graphs.
J.J. Spaun may just be one of the greatest golfers in the world; his clutch win at Oakmont in the harrowing 2025 U.S. Open raised him to a high level. His follow-up win at Valero this year sealed the deal. But first and foremost, he is one of the tribe: a mere mortal working to fit T1D around his day-to-day life.
Like most of us, he’s had ups, downs, frights, and frustrations. Because diabetes doesn’t discriminate—be you a world champion superstar, the kid just down the road or the full-time cashier at the local five and dime, J.J. Spaun has weathered a lot.
Mentally resilient and tougher
But on this early round day of this popular tournament—one he’d like to win—Spaun tells me that while his T1D diagnosis story is a gritty one, his view of life with the disease is not.
“Diabetes has made me mentally resilient; tougher,” he told me. “It’s easy to look in the face of a tough shot, or the layout of those last holes and think: ‘I’ve done tougher things than this.’ Diabetes gave me that view.”
I get that, I tell him: My own daughter is one of the toughest people I know.
Like her, Spaun isn’t Pollyanna. Because while he chooses to live well despite T1D, he’s had his bumps and he’s open about them.
An unexpected hazard
It all started with a misdiagnosis, one that spanned three years of his life, robbing him of body weight, muscle mass, self-confidence, and health.
In 2018, after a few months of sudden and jarring weight loss and an inability to find energy of focus, he saw his doctor and was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Like the athlete he is, he threw himself into his care, tweaking his diet and working on gaining strength. For a few months, it seemed to be working. But then he began a slide that left him 25 additional pounds thinner (weight loss he did not need) and so far from being able to stroke a ball with confidence and strength that he dropped from his prior highest ranking of 56 in the world (he was on his way up quickly) to 584.
He was eating barely any carbs at all and topping his daily calorie count at 1,200, yet his condition failed to improve.
He started to think type 2 diabetes might bring the end of his journey toward golf greatness.
“It was pretty tough,” he remembered. “I was definitely upset. Right when I started to establish myself, and I get this thrown at me.”
Type 1, not type 2
As is often the case, diabetes folks in the wild came to the rescue. First, a friend who is a physician pulled him aside and told him to get to an endocrinologist right away (he was being treated by a primary care physician).
“So I go to the endocrinologist and they do a whole bunch of tests,” he said. “Then he comes in and he says I hate to break bad news but …. You have type 1 diabetes, not type 2.
“I said ‘This is great news!’ After all, now I had my answer.” He needed insulin replacement therapy and a smart way to track his blood sugars. Armed with that knowledge and the guidance of his new endo, he began his long trek back up.
(“You know that misdiagnosis could have killed you,” I commented. His eyes grew wide at hearing someone say aloud what he long realized. “I do. I really do,” he said.)
He had much work to do though: that misdiagnosis had stripped him of weight and muscle; the new body mass he had didn’t fit with the swing physics he’d honed in the lead up to those years.
That’s when a T1D-dad named Andy Bessette, who also happened to be Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer for Travelers, got word of the new (and correct) diagnosis and did what the diabetes community always does: connected, empathized, and then offered support.
“I heard he won the hole 15 ½ challenge and he donated his $10,000 to (what was then) JDRF, and I said holy sh**, why?” he said. “He was in his transition phase (From type 2 misdiagnosis to type 1 care), I matched the donation.”
A special connection
He also sought Spaun out and told him about their special connection: Bessette’s son Chris has T1D.
“I told him, let’s get you connected with Aaron Kowalski, Breakthrough T1D CEO, and get you some doctors names and all you need,” he said.
Armed with more information thanks to Bessette, Spaun forged ahead. By January 2021, he felt things shift toward the positive.
“(With insulin therapy) I was able to have carbs and produce energy so much more. My second event of that year I noticed that not only was I not running out of energy, I had enough energy to once again go to the practice range post round,” he said.
To play well, he learned, it was vital he be in range as he slept overnight, “I feel pretty poorly if I do not,” he said. He tailors pre-match dinners toward that effort.
Managing T1D on and off the course
On course, he keeps a close look at the CGM graph on his phone that the PGA made an exception for him to carry. He still treats with injections (but is pondering semi-automated insulin delivery devices) and swears by peanut butter on wheat bread for long lasting energy and Gatorade for quick acting glucose.
He eats a full meal each pre-round and chooses what to eat based on where his blood sugars have been in recent hours. Overall, he said, it’s working.
The proof is in the record. Spaun went on to win the Valero in 2022, that wildly difficult U.S. Open in 2025 and so far, this year, Valero again. His ranking is back up near 12 and he’s feeling his game is in place.
And in a funny way, he says, golf may have prepared him for life with T1D and vice-versa.
“Golf is such a finicky game, the same as diabetes,” he said. “You work so hard to try and control what is coming at you and then things happen. You have to just power forward and adjust. It’s very much the same in that way.”
A hero who’s one of us
Besette watches him closely—as both a golf enthusiast and a T1D-dad.
“He means a lot to me. And what he has to deal with? It’s hard enough to hit the balls and know the course and all that—he has all the diabetes obstacles as well. I’m so impressed by him.”
When Spaun won the U.S. Open, Besette’s first text to him will make sense to the T1D world.
“I asked him: ‘Were your levels okay?’” he laughed.
T1D—and Bessette’s friendship—also brought him another gift, via connecting him to Breakthrough T1D and the diabetes community as a whole.
“I’ve gotten so many messages from kids, adults, and parents in this community,” he said. “They label me as a hero. Parents tell me that seeing me achieve shows their child that even with diabetes, everything is possible.
“There’s always more to golf, and I think that’s my calling,” he said. We hugged tight, our bond formed for life. And as he walked away to play another round, over his shoulder he smiled and said, “Tell your daughter I’m rooting for her.”
J.J. Spaun is one of us.
Breakthrough T1D was on site in New Orleans, LA from June 5-8 for the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) 86th Scientific Sessions. Check out all of our coverage below, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) advances across all our mission priority areas and several Breakthrough T1D-funded researchers and staff driving progress forward.
In case you missed it, see below for a recording our Mid-Year Mission Update, featuring key takeaways from ADA and other exciting developments that we’re looking forward to in 2026.
ADA 2026: Days 1 and 2
ADA 2026: Days 3 and 4
Check out coverage from days 3 and 4 at ADA, including an update on Eledon’s tegoprubart.
Mid-Year Mission Update with Breakthrough T1D leadership
For more ADA news and 2026 T1D progress updates, tune in below to hear Breakthrough T1D Chief Executive Officer Aaron Kowalski, Ph.D. cover the top advancements presented at ADA 2026 alongside updates from our mission pillar leads, Sanjoy Dutta, Ph.D. (Chief Scientific Officer), Lynn Starr (Chief Global Advocacy Officer), and Thomas Danne, M.D., Ph.D. (Chief Medical Officer, International).
Thanks for joining us throughout our coverage of the ADA 86th Scientific Sessions. We were encouraged by continued progress across our mission priority areas, including cures therapies, treatments, and devices. Breakthrough T1D staff and leadership were on-site hosting and participating in panel discussions, meeting with industry leaders, and engaging with researchers from around the world to accelerate T1D mission progress. Breakthrough T1D-funded research was front-and-center, showcasing the reach of our impact driven by supporters like you. That’s a wrap on ADA 2026, and we’re already looking forward to ADA 2027!
ADA’s 86th Scientific Sessions
This event is one of the largest diabetes conferences in the world, bringing together over 11,000 attendees to share and learn about cutting-edge research and advancements toward cures. Each year, Breakthrough T1D-funded researchers highlight their work, demonstrating the progress we’re making toward achieving our mission. Leading experts will present over 100 studies spanning cell therapies, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), diabetes technology, treatments, and more!
ADA 2026 has officially come to a close! We’re excited to report on the final two days of the conference, with even more updates spanning Cures and Improving Lives. Read on to learn about Breakthrough T1D-funded research making an impact and highlights from our on-site staff, especially in cell therapies.
Check out the updates from days 3 and 4 across Cures and Improving Lives:
Quick Primer on T1D Immunology Terms
- Antigen: part of a beta cell that the immune system mistakenly recognizes as “non-self” and mounts an immune response against.
- Antigen-presenting cell (APC): Immune cell that “presents” beta cell antigens on their surface to T cells, which then learn to attack the beta cells.
- T cells: The destructive immune cells that directly attack beta cells.
- Regulatory T cells (Tregs): help control and resolve immune responses but are less functional and effective in T1D.
Cell Therapies
Cell Therapies Highlight: Breakthrough T1D-Funded Clinical Trial for Tegoprubart Continues to Hit Milestones
Piotr Witkowski, M.D. (University of Chicago) gave an update on the Breakthrough T1D-funded clinical trial for Eledon’s tegoprubart, an immune therapy being tested with donor-derived islet cell transplants. All 12 participants are off external insulin. They are not experiencing severe hypoglycemic events or unexpected adverse events, there are no signs of the body rejecting the transplanted cells, and there are no signs of kidney toxicity.
Islet Size Matters
- Presenter: Julia Panzer, Ph.D. (City of Hope)
- In humans, islets have a range of sizes.
- Older adults with T1D tend to have smaller islets, but we don’t know if islets are shrinking or if more small islets are being generated.
- Based on islets isolated from donor pancreases and sorted by size, smaller islets are less responsive to changes in glucose, and they are preferentially targeted by T cells (the immune cells that attack insulin-producing beta cells).
- This work provides insight into how T1D may progress differently with age based on changes in islet size.
Cell Therapies Highlight: Research Funded by Breakthrough T1D or the T1D Fund
Jessica Weaver, Ph.D. (Arizona State University) presented about how we can learn lessons from placental immunology to train the immune system to ignore beta cells in T1D. During pregnancy, specialized cells in the placenta (called trophoblasts) teach the mother’s immune system to ignore the developing baby. Dr. Weaver is testing if trophoblasts can be successfully transplanted in mice in an encapsulation device her team optimized through computational modeling to improve cell survival. The goal is to eventually see if trophoblasts can be co-implanted with islet cells so that they send signals to the immune system to ignore them.
Leonardo Ferreira, Ph.D. (Medical University of South Carolina) presented on a dual cell engineering strategy for T1D. In this approach, manufactured beta cells are engineered to display a unique protein fragment on their surface. Tregs are then engineered to recognize that same unique fragment. When implanted together, the Tregs can turn down the activity of any destructive immune cells that become activated against the protein fragment. In mouse models, this method has proven to be successful, and Dr. Ferreira is finding even more ways to modify these cell types to enhance their functions. The idea is to translate this into a new manufactured islet cell therapy approach that would also modify a person’s immune cells so that immunosuppression is not required.
Julie Sneddon, Ph.D. (University of California, San Francisco) studies how precursor cells turn into beta cells during development. Her work provides insights into how we can harness this knowledge to optimize beta cell manufacturing in the lab for large-scale islet cell therapies.
Quinn Peterson, Ph.D. (Mayo Clinic) focuses on manufacturing all the different cells of the islet, in addition to beta cells, for islet cell therapies. His work in T1D mouse models showed that implanting beta cells with alpha cells (which secrete glucagon) allows them to function better with fewer cells. This could have implications for how we optimize islet cell replacement therapies.
Peng Wang, Ph.D. (Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine) presented his work on a small molecule called harmine, which can promote the function and expansion of beta cells in T1D mouse models. The goal is to use harmine in the context of manufactured islet cell transplants to improve their maturation and function to make these therapies more effective.
Leonardo Velazco-Cruz, Ph.D. (Century Therapeutics, a T1D Fund portfolio company) presented on the company’s manufactured islet cell therapy product, CNTY-183, which is engineered with Allo-evasion 5.0 technology so that immunosuppression is not needed. Dr. Velazco-Cruz reported that Century Therapeutics has developed a scalable, bioreactor-enabled differentiation process that can produce consistent, functional manufactured islets. In mouse models, engineered islets were protected from the immune system and maintained insulin production as measured by C-peptide. The company will continue to develop its product for eventual translation into humans.

Advocacy Staff Making an Impact
Clem Cypra, Director of Health Policy, presented a poster from our Advocacy team on how well insurance claims capture hypoglycemia in people with T1D. This is especially important because an eligibility requirement for islet cell therapy clinical trials is severe hypoglycemia, and payers often use claims data to understand who may qualify for new therapies. The team found that claims capture significantly lower rates of hypoglycemia in people with T1D compared to rates reported in clinical studies and published reports. Therefore, relying on claims alone may result in coverage decisions that are not in line with real-world care for people with T1D, and additional research is needed to fully uncover the impact of hypoglycemia on the T1D community.

Key Takeaways
- Breakthrough T1D-funded cell therapy research is advancing on two fronts: helping transplanted islet cells survive and function without lifelong immunosuppression, and manufacturing better islet cells at scale.
- The clinical trial studying tegoprubart at the University of Chicago continues to impress, with all 12 participants off external insulin and no signs of rejection or kidney toxicity.
- Across the funded portfolio, researchers are engineering the immune system to tolerate beta cells while others refine how islet cells are created in a lab.
- Together, this work is moving the field toward manufactured islet cell therapies that could one day restore insulin production without immunosuppression.
Disease-Modifying Therapies
Cell engineering approaches to turn down autoimmunity
- Presenter: Justin Spanier, Ph.D. (University of Minnesota)
- The interaction between APCs and T cells is critical to the autoimmune process.
- Dr. Spanier presented on two different cell engineering strategies to disrupt this interaction.
- The first approach involves developing an antibody that binds to beta cell antigens on the surface of APCs, which physically blocks T cells from interacting with it.
- The second approach involves engineering Tregs to interact with beta cell antigens on the surface of APCs so that, again, T cells cannot interact.
- Dr. Spanier is further refining these approaches with the ultimate goal of finding new ways to suppress autoimmunity in T1D.
Disease-Modifying Therapies Highlight: Breakthrough T1D-Funded Research
Jacqueline Burke, Ph.D. (Northwestern University) spoke about the development of a “tolerozome,” a nanoparticle loaded with an immune-modulating agent (rapamycin) that can train the immune system to ignore beta cells. Her approach is unique in that tolerozomes are delivered specifically to immune cells, meaning that other surrounding cells are unchanged. Even more, this approach can be applied to islet cell transplants (to prevent attack on transplanted cells) or early-stage T1D (to preserve the body’s beta cells). Data from animal models of T1D support the potential for these approaches with limited toxicity, and ongoing studies will assess long-term tolerozome dosing and combination with manufactured islets.
Spotlight on Breakthrough T1D-Funded Research: Uncovering Biological Mechanisms in T1D
T1D Pancreases have Tissue-Wide Biological Alterations
- Presenter: Dirk Homman, M.D., Ph.D. (University of Miami)
- Dr. Homman presented his work on full-scale assessment of the entire pancreases of people with T1D (obtained through the Breakthrough T1D-sponsored nPOD program).
- Using histology and single-cell computational methods, he found that T1D pancreases have tissue-wide alterations that are not limited to islets.
- These findings will provide a better basis for our understanding of T1D pathology and help researchers adapt mouse models of T1D to better mimic biological changes that occur in humans.
Beta Cells are Stressed
- Presenter: Farooq Syed, Ph.D. (Arthur-Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute)
- Beta cells have increased signaling through specific stress-response pathways, which may contribute to their ability to provoke an autoimmune response.
- Dr. Syed explored how stress pathways can influence large-scale changes in beta cell genes, further uncovering how molecular alterations in the beta cells themselves may contribute to autoimmunity.
Key Takeaways
- Disease-modifying therapy research is focused on retraining the immune system in a targeted way to ignore the beta cells so they can continue to produce insulin.
- These strategies include engineering various agents, including antibodies, modified Tregs, nanoparticles, and more that may protect transplanted islets or preserve beta cells in early-stage T1D.
- Foundational research is also deepening our understanding of the disease itself: T1D pancreases show tissue-wide alterations beyond the islets, and beta cells under stress may help provoke the autoimmune response.
- Together, we are going down the path to new ways to slow or stop the autoimmune attack at the heart of T1D.
Early Detection
Global Pediatric Screening Inequities
- Presenter: Jean Claude Katte, M.D., Ph.D. (University of Exeter)
- The Young Onset Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa study found that most people diagnosed with T1D in this geography did not have any autoantibodies detected.
- T1D screening tools based on autoantibody detection were developed using white populations with a European ancestry.
- This suggests that our current screening model and staging framework may not be suitable for people from all geographies since there appears to be biological variability.
- Dr. Katte also highlighted significant inequities in access to care in Africa and other geographies.
- Breakthrough T1D is committed to helping close these gaps through our Advocacy work around the globe, including our ALIGN-T1D initiative.
Monitoring Youth with One Persistent Autoantibody
- Presenter: Nicole Sheanon, M.D., M.S. (Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center). Dr. Sheanon is also a part of our Mission Impact Volunteer program.
- Around 15% of youth with a single autoantibody detected and no symptoms will go on to develop T1D.
- The first three years after autoantibody detection are the most critical monitoring window.
- Healthcare professionals (HCPs) should look out for any changes in health that may signal progression of T1D, including changes in HbA1c levels or the development of an additional autoantibody.
- Education is critically important so that families know to remain aware of the potential risk of T1D development, even if it’s low.
- For more, take a look at published consensus guidance for monitoring of early-stage T1D, which was published a few years ago and spearheaded by Vice President of Medical Affairs Anastasia Albanese-O’Neill, Ph.D., APRN, CDCES.

Early Detection Highlight: Breakthrough T1D-Funded Researchers and Staff
Holly O’Donnell, Ph.D. (Barbara Davis Center) presented on the psychosocial impact of T1D diagnoses (early-stage and clinical) on families. Dr. O’Donnell found that communicating with families about the risk of T1D progression can be a challenge, and education efforts need to be individualized and repeated to be effective. Families with a greater understanding of T1D risk also tend to have more anxiety, especially for those who have a family history of the disease. Dr. O’Donnell is currently working on a Breakthrough T1D-funded study to adapt a cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce anxiety around risk of progression for families with children in early-stage T1D. For more, see Dr. O’Donnell’s o-demand seminar for HCPs.
Dr. Albanese-O’Neill spoke about recommendations for T1D screening and monitoring. She covered a range of topics, including the global T1D screening landscape, ICD-10 diagnosis codes for early-stage T1D, and the potential benefits and of screening, early detection, and follow-up monitoring. Dr. Albanese-O’Neill also discussed the importance of clinical trials, especially for DMTs targeted toward early-stage or newly diagnosed individuals, and she urged the HCPs in the audience to encourage research participation in their clinics. She closed with information about our early detection pilot clinics and international consensus guidelines for general population T1D screening, developed by Dr. Albanese-O’Neill with expert collaborators.

Key Takeaways
- Current screening methods may miss people elsewhere, so we must adapt our screening and staging frameworks need to ensure it works across the globe.
- Breakthrough T1D is working to close these gaps through Advocacy efforts around the world, including the ALIGN-T1D initiative.
- The first three years after detection are the most important monitoring window for youth who have a single autoantibody.
- Although it does have marked benefits, learning about T1D risk early can be emotionally difficult for families. Breakthrough T1D-funded research is developing tailored support to help them cope.
Improving Lives
The State of T1D in Adults
- Presenter: Marissa Hitchcock, BSN, RN, CDCES (Children with Diabetes)
- The global prevalence of T1D is increasing by 2-3% each year.
- 21% of adults with T1D are meeting HbA1c targets of less than 7%, and 64% are using diabetes technology.
- Cardiovascular events occur 10 to 15 years earlier in T1D adults, and 30-40% of adults develop kidney disease within 25 years of diagnosis.
- There are not enough options for adults with T1D to reduce their risk for heart and kidney disease; while GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT inhibitors are showing promise in clinical trials, they are still not approved and widely accessible.
- Major gaps in care for this population include healthcare access and affordability, psychosocial support, socioeconomic disparities, and representation in clinical trials.
- We need to do more for adults with T1D, and a major priority of Breakthrough T1D is funding research into devices and therapies that can improve blood sugar and weight management and reduce complications so T1D adults can do and feel better.
Improving Lives Highlight: Breakthrough T1D-Funded Researchers and Staff Making an Impact
Courtney Ackeifi, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, hosted a networking event for building partnerships with scientists and clinicians working on cardiometabolic therapies for T1D. In a short presentation, she highlighted the urgent need for cardiometabolic therapies for the T1D community and opportunities to partner with Breakthrough T1D to accelerate progress in this area. Anyone who is interested can check out our funding opportunities.
Key Takeaways
- It is critical that we continue to invest in complications research, especially as adults with T1D are encountering earlier and higher rates of heart disease and kidney disease. We need more options.
- There are still significant gaps that are preventing everyone from having access to the therapies that work best for them- Major gaps remain in access, affordability, mental health support, and clinical trial representation for adults with T1D.
- Breakthrough T1D is working to close these gaps so there are more options for people with T1D and they are accessible.
Advocating for Children with T1D
Lauren Figg (Stanford University) presented on how the medical community can advocate for children with T1D to get adequate access to care. Social needs, including basics like food, clothing, and shelter in addition to whether they can afford insulin or other supplies, should be document in electronic health records so HCPs can provide the appropriate support. Figg also suggested that HCPs be aware of local community resources, deliver information through multiple ways (verbal, printed, etc.), and follow up with families to ensure they are getting the T1D care they need.

That’s a wrap on ADA 2026! For more, tune in on Wednesday, June 10, at 6 PM Eastern Time on our social channels for a live Mid-Year Mission Update from our leadership—including highlights from ADA, recent advances, and what we can look forward to for the rest of 2026.
Coming soon: A full ADA 2026 recap with everything you need to know about the conference. Keep an eye on our News & Updates webpage!
ADA’s 86th Scientific Sessions
This event is one of the largest diabetes conferences in the world, bringing together over 11,000 attendees to share and learn about cutting-edge research and advancements toward cures. Each year, Breakthrough T1D-funded researchers highlight their work, demonstrating the progress we’re making toward achieving our mission. Leading experts will present over 100 studies spanning cell therapies, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), diabetes technology, treatments, and more!
Reporting live from New Orleans, LA! Breakthrough T1D is on site at ADA 2026 with leading scientists, clinicians, healthcare professionals, industry partners, and more to hear about exciting updates in type 1 diabetes (T1D) research—including work supported by Breakthrough T1D.
Read on for everything you need to know from the first two days ADA 2026, including key takeaways from panels and sessions featuring Breakthrough T1D staff and noteworthy highlights from Breakthrough T1D-funded researchers—both past and present—whose work was front-and-center.
Check out the updates from days 1 and 2 across Cures and Improving Lives!
Cell Therapies: Breakthrough T1D Staff at the Forefront
Sanjoy Dutta. Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer, participated in a panel discussion about advancing manufactured islet cell therapies for widespread clinical use. A major theme was that eligibility requirements for clinical trials are too narrow—which means that less people have the chance to benefit and trials don’t progress as quickly. Patient-reported outcomes will be important to demonstrate to regulators that many people with T1D can and want to benefit from islet cell replacement therapy, and we need established, systemic methods in place to take the T1D community’s opinions into account.
The panelists also discussed the current challenges surrounding immunosuppression, which is one of the barriers to clinical trial participation, and ongoing efforts to develop novel cell protection strategies. Immunotherapies in development for early-stage T1D may be applicable in islet cell transplant settings, including approaches that retrain the immune system to ignore beta cells—an area that Breakthrough T1D is invested in.
To accelerate progress in manufactured islet cell therapies, the panelists agreed that the top priorities are:
- More companies exploring novel approaches
- Expanding eligibility criteria for trials—and incoporating the perspectives of the T1D community into regulatory decisions—so we can build more evidence around the safety and efficacy of manufactured islet cell therapies
- Additional frameworks to help guide the field, like our cell therapies roadmap and upcoming publications from Breakthrough T1D staff around manufacturing and preclinical considerations
- Optimizing manufacturing processes to reduce costs and ensure access for people who want these therapies
- Optimizing cell therapy products by reducing or eliminating the need for immunosuppression and finding the best transplant site for survival

Brynn Marks, M.D., Senior Director of Medical Affairs, chaired a session about the promise and perspective of islet cell replacement therapies for kids with T1D. Notably, Melena Bellin, M.D. (University of Minnesota) spoke about insights from children with pancreatitis who require full pancreas removal and receive transplants of their own healthy islet cells into their livers. In comparison to adults, children who receive this type of dual transplant have higher rates of islet survival and function and are more likely to stop needing external insulin. Laura Jacobsen, M.D. (University of Florida) spoke about practical clinical expectations for cell therapies and DMTs based on the data we have in adults and what this might mean for kids. Finally, Jane Speight, Ph.D. (The Australian Center of Behavioral Research in Diabetes) closed out with a talk about psychosocial considerations for pediatric islet cell transplantation.

Key Takeaways
The data surrounding islet cell therapies is very exciting, but we have more work to do until manufactured products are accessible to everyone with T1D who may want them. We are at the very beginning of considering what these therapies might look like in the pediatric T1D population.
Disease-Modifying Therapies
C-peptide
C-peptide is a biomarker of the body’s insulin production, which can be measured easily by a blood test. It’s formed when pro-insulin is cleaved into active insulin and C-peptide.
The Potential for a New and Improved C-Peptide
- Presenter: Samuel Sangqu Wu, Ph.D. (University of South Florida)
- C-peptide has the potential to be a validated endpoint for DMT clinical trials, and researchers like Dr. Wu are looking into new ways to help make this possible.
- Time to minimal residual C-peptide (TMRCP) is defined by how much longer people will have measurable C-peptide—meaning how long they will continue to make insulin.
- Dr. Wu applied this metric to six TrialNet studies and found that extrapolating TMRCP identified the same treatments as effective as each original analysis.
- TMRCP may be another metric to define the clinical meaningfulness of C-peptide, meaning it could be an alternative endpoint to consider for future DMT trials.
- Breakthrough T1D supported these efforts.
TEPLI-REAL: Evaluating Real-World Outcomes of People Treated with Tzield
- Presenter: Stephen Gitelman, M.D. (University of California, San Francisco)
- The purpose of this study was to understand populations who pursue treatment with Tzield and post-treatment outcomes through review of electronic health records.
- Diagnosis of T1D is heterogeneous, with people having either autoantibodies or dysglycemia (abnormal blood sugar) detected first, or others having both detected at the same time.
- These diagnostic pathways influence Tzield initiation. Those who had dysglycemia and autoantibodies detected at the same time had the shortest median time to start treatment.
- Most people who initiated Tzield were adolescents, and 94% of people who started treatment completed the full 14-day course.
- This study offers important considerations for healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding how T1D diagnosis influences Tzield treatment in routine practice.
Decoding Immune Mechanisms and Engineering the Immune System in T1D
- Todd Brusko, Ph.D. (University of Florida) presented on spatial locations of different immune cells that contribute to the autoimmune process in T1D pancreases—and the underlying mechanisms that influence this.
- Kyle Gaulton, Ph.D. (University of California, San Diego) uncovered single-cell changes in pancreatic cells from T1D pancreases using advanced genomic methods.
- Mohammad Haj Dezfulian, Ph.D. (University of Pennsylvania) mapped T1D antigens contributing to autoimmunity by taking a closer look at T cells, which play a role in destroying insulin-producing beta cells.
- Remi Creusot, Ph.D. (Columbia University) presented on a different approach to retraining the immune system to ignore beta cells, starting with precursors to immune cells.
- Together, these studies are deepening our understanding of how and where the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in T1D—and uncovering new ways to retrain it.
Disease-Modifying Therapies Highlight: Research Supported by Breakthrough T1D or the T1D Fund
Kenneth Brayman, M.D., Ph.D., FACS (University of Virginia) presented work on two Breakthrough T1D-funded projects. The first centered around the preclinical optimization of a potential immune therapy for T1D called IgM. Dr. Brayman and his team found that this therapy can retrain the immune system to ignore insulin-producing beta cells in mouse models of T1D, and he expanded on the mechanisms by which this happens. In humans, this could be another way to promote beta cell survival.
The second study that Dr. Brayman presented, which is funded by Breakthrough T1D in conjunction with his collaborator Gordon Laurie, Ph.D. (University of Virginia), focused on a new potential drug called N-104, which mimics a compound that was found to be decreased in people with T1D. The data presented show that, in mouse models, N-104 may suppress autoimmunity while simultaneously promoting beta cell regeneration—marking a new potential DMT worth exploring further.
Christoph Bausch, Ph.D. (SAB Biotherapeutics, a T1D Fund portfolio company) presented data from the phase 1 study of SAB-142, a humanized ATG. This potential DMT preserved C-peptide, improved time in range, and reduced insulin therapy use. Even more, it can be safely re-dosed with mild side effects related to the infusion procedure. Next up is the phase 2b SAFEGUARD study, which is currently enrolling and will further explore the safety and efficacy of SAB-142. The ultimate goal is to delay or halt T1D progression.
Alok Joglekar, Ph.D. (University of Pittsburgh) presented on a novel DMT approach that involves engineering different types of T cells in the body to suppress self-reactive T cells that are causing destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. His approach is designed to be antigen-specific, meaning selectively shutting down only the beta-cell-destroying T cells while leaving the rest of the immune system intact.

Key Takeaways
Understanding the key immune mechanisms underlying T1D pathogenesis is a major focus of T1D researchers, and they are turning this knowledge into novel strategies for potential DMTs. To expedite DMT clinical trials, time to minimal residual C-peptide may be a clinically meaningful measure of beta cell preservation. Real-world data about who is initiating Tzield treatment—and when—is providing HCPs with important information about the pathway to Tzield initiation in routine clinical practice.
Early Detection
Clinical Implementation of Pediatric T1D Screening and Monitoring
- Presenter: Sarah Lydia Holly, BSN, RN (Children’s National Hospital)
- Six pediatric endocrinology centers worked together to increase T1D screening and monitoring rates in kids through quality improvement and operational strategies.
- Between June 2024 to February 2026, the teams implemented patient and HCP education strategies, integration of screening and monitoring in clinical workflows, defined pathways for follow-up, and multidisciplinary coordination.
- The teams exceeded their goal and screened 1700+ people. No cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) reported, 85% engaged in long-term monitoring, and 73% were offered Tzield.
- This study demonstrates the feasibility of screening and monitoring in routine pediatric care, and this can facilitate early intervention and DKA prevention.
Early Detection Highlight: Breakthrough T1D Staff
Raquel Lopez Diez, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, hosted a Breakthrough T1D Reception for the T1D Genetic Risk Score (GRS) Consortium. The session brought together investigators and collaborators to discuss upcoming projects and future directions related to the T1D GRS Consortium, with dedicated conversations around genetics in non-European ancestry populations and adult-onset disease. The attendees exchanged ideas, identified areas for collaboration, and shaped priorities for the Consortium moving forward.
Key Takeaways
Screening and Early Detection has proven benefits, and the more people screened, the more people can avoid DKA at diagnosis, take advantage of a therapy to delay onset, and more. This is a major priority for Breakthrough T1D, and we support general population screening efforts.
Improving Lives
Discontinuation of Roche’s Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist for T1D
- Presenter: Jeremy Pettus, M.D. (University of California, San Diego)
- Roche conducted a phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate changes in glycemic control in overweight or obese adults with T1D treated with their drug acmopatide (CT-868).
- People treated with acmopatide demonstrated reduced HbA1c levels, weight, insulin dose, and blood pressure compared to placebo.
- Despite these improvements, Roche decided to discontinue research into acmopatide and abandon plans for a phase 3 clinical trial.
- However, there are other companies studying GLP-1s in people with T1D. For example, Lilly has an ongoing clinical trial that is fully enrolled. Learn more below.
GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists: The Good News
Eli Lilly’s phase 3 trials for tirzepatide for glycemic control in adults with T1D and obesity or overweight (SURPASS-1-T1D and SURPASS-2-T1D) are fully enrolled, with results expected in the coming months. The Breakthrough T1D-funded ADJUST-T1D trial demonstrated glycemic and metabolic benefits for people with T1D and obesity or overweight using an AID system treated with semaglutide. A few days ago, top experts in the field published a consensus on safe use of this class of drugs in the T1D population—including authorship by Brynn Marks, M.D., Senior Director of Medical Affairs—which means that we are providing healthcare professionals (HCPs) with the education needed to bring these therapies safely to the T1D community (more to come on this later). We and others will continue to push for additional research solidifying the safety and efficacy of GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists and advocate for approval for the T1D community.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Kids
- Presenter: Michelle Van Name, M.D. (Yale University)
- There is clear evidence in adults with T1D that GLP-1 receptor agonists can improve weight and glycemic control and reduce the risk of heart and kidney complications, and more clinical evidence is needed for the adolescent population.
- Adolescents with T1D could benefit from this class of drugs because they tend to have insulin resistance and live with overweight or obesity, and those who develop T1D earlier in life have a greater lifetime risk of long-term complications.
- Currently enrolling clinical trials (T1-DISCO and Obesity Complicating T1D: GLP-1 Analogue Anti-Obesity Treatment) in young adults living with T1D and obesity are investigating the impacts of GLP-1s on cardiovascular outcomes.
- Dr. Van Name’s mentor was Bill Tamborlane, M.D., a long-time champion for the T1D community and Breakthrough T1D supporter who recently passed away.

Improving Lives Highlight: Breakthrough T1D-Funded Researchers and Breakthrough T1D Staff
Richard Pratley, M.D. (Advent Health) presented on the unique needs of the heterogenous population of older people living with T1D. It can be especially challenging for HCPs to set glycemic targets because of variable life expectancies, lifestyle differences, presence of other health issues, and a lack of evidence surrounding blood glucose management for this population. Dr. Pratley recommends that goals for glycemic targets in older adults with T1D should be individualized, and T1D technology can significantly reduce hypoglycemic events. And he emphasized an important point—there aren’t enough therapies to reduce the risk of heart and kidney complications, which older adults are especially vulnerable for. Dr. Pratley is executing a Breakthrough T1D-funded clinical trial to repurpose cardiorenal drugs that work in T2D for T1D.
Viral Shah, M.D., a Breakthrough T1D-funded researcher, presented an evidence synthesis on ketone monitoring and treatment, which was co-authored by experts in the field including our Vice President of Medical Affairs, Anastasia Albanese-O’Neill, Ph.D., APRN, CDCES. The team collected real-world or hypothetical clinical situations related to DKA to create a framework that HCPs can follow to determine the best course of action. This includes considering who is the intended population for ketone monitoring, when and how to check ketones, defining clinical parameters for elevated ketones, and follow-up steps for management. This effort is critically important because rates of DKA are increasing around the globe, as detailed in the preceding presentation by Guillermo Umpierrez, M.D. Ketone management is a Breakthrough T1D priority, and our Medical Affairs team previously spearheaded a publication outlining international expert recommendations on continuous ketone monitoring in T1D.
Dr. Albanese-O’Neill and Jonathan Rosen, Ph.D., Director of Research, were co-authors on two posters reporting on a multinational survey of adults using T1D technology with severe hypoglycemia exploring how they are doing in their daily lives. The participants reported sub-optimal health and significant impairments in productivity, highlighting the remaining unmet needs for the T1D community despite recent advances—showcasing why the work we do to improve the lives of those living with T1D is so critically important.

Key Takeaways
GLP-1s are top of mind for researchers—they have proven benefits for adults with T1D, and ongoing clinical trials will provide more evidence for their use in younger populations. We need to do more for older adults with T1D, from individualized approaches to glycemic targets to developing more therapies to prevent heart and kidney complications. Last but not least, DKA rates are increasing around the world, and Breakthrough T1D is actively involved in efforts to guide HCPs on ketone management—which is especially important with continuous ketone monitoring on the horizon.

Look out for another article soon wrapping up days 3 and 4 of ADA 2026!
It’s that time of year again: the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) 86th Scientific Sessions is taking place from June 5-8, 2026. Scientists, researchers, healthcare professionals, and industry leaders will travel to New Orleans, LA for the biggest annual diabetes conference in the world. Breakthrough T1D will be there to join the discussion about the latest-and-greatest advancements in type 1 diabetes (T1D) research, prevention, and care from the best and brightest in the field—including many researchers who are currently funded by Breakthrough T1D or have been in the past.
Read on to learn more about what we’re looking forward to.
ADA’s 86th Scientific Sessions
This event is one of the largest diabetes conferences in the world, bringing together over 11,000 attendees to share and learn about cutting-edge research and advancements toward cures. Each year, Breakthrough T1D-funded researchers highlight their work, demonstrating the progress we’re making toward achieving our mission. Leading experts will present over 100 studies spanning cell therapies, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), diabetes technology, treatments, and more!
What we’re looking forward to
Cures
- An overview of the current islet cell therapy landscape for T1D
- Insights into clinical trial design for immune therapies, including evidence supporting the use of C-peptide to measure efficacy
- Updates on T1D immune mechanisms and next-generation DMT targets
- Perspectives on T1D screening, monitoring, and progression
Cures highlight: Breakthrough T1D-funded research
Breakthrough T1D is funding the clinical trial for Eledon’s tegoprubart, a milder alternative to standard immunosuppressants showing promise in protecting donor-derived islet transplants with fewer side effects. We expect to hear more exciting updates from Piotr Witkowski, M.D., Ph.D., the lead investigator on the trial, about the participants in the study.
SAB Bio, a T1D Fund portfolio company, will provide an update on the ongoing clinical trial for their disease-modifying therapy, SAB-142. This therapy, which is being tested in people with newly diagnosed T1D, has the potential to delay T1D progression by targeting multiple immune cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells.
We will also hear from several Breakthrough T1D-funded researchers who will present their work in cell therapies, covering diverse topics such as immunoengineering, precursor cell biology, beta cell regeneration, and more.
Improving Lives
- Advancements in ketone monitoring and management
- Data around adjunctive therapies, like dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists, to improve blood sugar and reduce complications
- Insights into supporting mental and behavioral health for families at risk of developing T1D
Improving Lives highlight: Breakthrough T1D making an impact
Viral Shah, M.D., a researcher funded by Breakthrough T1D, will present an evidence synthesis co-authored by VP of Medical Affairs, Anastasia Albanese-O’Neill, Ph.D., APRN, CDCES, about ketone monitoring and treatment. This goes hand-in-hand with international expert recommendations for continuous ketone monitoring, a recent publication spearheaded by Breakthrough T1D. Even more, a poster co-authored by Dr. Albanese-O’Neill and Jonathan Rosen, Ph.D., Director of Research, will shed light on the perspectives of people with T1D around elevated ketones, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and ketone monitoring.
Additional posters led by Breakthrough T1D staff will dive deeper into the impact of severe hypoglycemic events and impaired hypoglycemia awareness on adults with T1D using advanced diabetes technology, focusing on psychosocial burden, health status, and productivity.
Advocacy and Medical Affairs
Breakthrough T1D’s Advocacy team is leading conversations around health policy and global responsibility, including posters highlighting how current data systems do not accurately capture hypoglycemia events (which could impact identifying those who could benefit from islet cell therapies) and updates to the T1D Index. We’ll also hear a talk about how to ensure access to care for youth with diabetes.
Several presentations are building on clinical adoption of T1D therapies and devices—the core tenant of our Medical Affairs team. This includes talks around clinical workflows for ketone monitoring and DKA prevention, an update to a consensus report on the management of T1D in adults, and integration of T1D screening into clinical care.
Breakthrough T1D is a leader in type 1 diabetes research
Each year, Breakthrough T1D has an increasingly important presence at ADA. Our leadership and staff organize panel discussions, chair symposia, present research, meet with industry leaders, and host gatherings to promote collaboration. Breakthrough T1D staff from each of our priority areas—Research, Advocacy, and Medical Affairs—will be in attendance.
As leaders in T1D research, we broaden our impact at ADA by shining the spotlight on Breakthrough T1D-funded scientists and clinicians. We are incredibly excited to see the advancements we are making toward cures and improving the quality of life of people with T1D—through our funded research and beyond.
Spotlight on Breakthrough T1D staff
- Sanjoy Dutta, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer, will speak on a panel about advancing manufactured islet cell therapies toward widespread clinical use.
- Dr. Albanese-O’Neill will give a presentation about recommendations for screening and monitoring of T1D and speak in a session about work-life balance.
- Brynn Marks, M.D., Senior Director of Medical Affairs, will speak at an ADA Scholars Workshop about islet cell therapies for T1D and chair a session about the potential for these therapies in the pediatric T1D population.
- Several staff members, including Clem Cypra and Aaron Turner-Phifer (Health Policy), Stephanie Pearson and Fei Wang (Global Responsibility), Dr. Albanese-O’Neill, and Dr. Rosen will have posters on various topics.
- Our Improving Lives team is hosting a happy hour to drive conversations around advancing cardiometabolic care for people living with T1D.
- Raquel Lopez Diez, Ph.D., is hosting a reception for the T1D Genetic Risk Score Consortium to discuss upcoming projects and future directions.
Updates coming your way
Be on the lookout for important updates during ADA in the News and Updates section of our website, including news stories dedicated to days 1+2 and days 3+4 of the conference.
Check out on-site coverage from ADA on our social channels featuring Breakthrough T1D staff and leadership. Also, Breakthrough T1D leadership will host a live Mid-Year Mission Update on Wednesday, June 10 at 6 PM Eastern Time. Details to come.
We can’t wait to share the exciting research updates we’ll hear at ADA with our T1D community. This is all made possible through your continued support—thank you!
Islet cell therapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D) replace destroyed insulin-producing beta cells with functional cells that allow the body to make insulin again. To ensure there are enough islet cells for everyone with T1D who wants them, Breakthrough T1D is prioritizing manufactured cell therapies, which can be made in large quantities in a laboratory, adhering to high levels of quality control.
These therapies are quickly advancing through the drug development pipeline. How are we making sure the clinical community is prepared for their arrival?
The answer: Centers of Reference.
Centers of Reference
Centers of Reference are expert multidisciplinary T1D care centers that are preparing healthcare professionals (HCPs) around the world to administer manufactured islet cell therapies to people with T1D. The goal is to make sure that expert clinical teams—who are already doing islet cell transplants at low scale—are ready to integrate these therapies into clinical practice at their institutions and train others, once they have regulatory approval.
The second annual Centers of Reference meeting was held at Breakthrough T1D HQ in early May by our Medical Affairs team. Read on to learn more about the attendees, what the meeting covered, and what we can expect next year.
Key Takeaways: Breakthrough T1D’s Second Annual Centers of Reference Meeting
- Seven international Centers are established, and four interprofessional working groups meet every month to keep progress moving.
- Attendees, which include the leading physicians and islet transplant support teams from the U.S., Canada, UK and Italy, continued the conversation around what kinds of education, training, resources, clinical care, and benchmarking are needed for Centers to be effective.
- A manuscript is underway to lay out a clinical implementation roadmap for Centers.
Assembling the team at Breakthrough T1D HQ
This meeting was hosted by Thomas Danne, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer International, Brynn Marks, M.D., Senior Director of Medical Affairs, Alessandro Bisio, M.D., International Director of Medical Affairs, and Amara Ogbonnaya-Whittlesey, M.D., U.S. Director of Medical Affairs, who brought together the best and brightest minds who can make Centers of Reference a reality.
Physicians, transplant surgeons, nurses, scientists, and other HCPs from various global medical institutions were in attendance, coming from:
- University of Minnesota Medical Center
- University of Wisconsin Health Transplant Center
- The Penn Rodebaugh Diabetes Center
- University of Chicago Medicine
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (Italy)
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne (UK)
- Edmonton, University of Alberta (Canada)
Additional attendees from Breakthrough T1D included CEO Aaron Kowalski, Ph.D., Senior Vice President of Research Esther Latres, Ph.D., multiple members of our Medical Affairs and Advocacy teams, and two members of our Participant Advisory Council who are living with T1D.
What has changed since last year’s meeting?
- There are now seven global Centers of Reference: Edmonton, Canada; Newcastle, UK; Milan, Italy; Wisconsin, Chicago (IL), Minnesota, and Pennsylvania in the U.S.
- Steady progress has been made toward a clinical roadmap for the Centers of Reference model.
- Four interprofessional working groups were established, co-led by Melena Bellin, M.D. (Minnesota) and Jim Shaw, M.D., Ph.D. (Newcastle, UK), that meet virtually every month and in-person annually at Breakthrough T1D HQ.
- The four working groups are HCP Training and Education, Clinical Access to Cell Therapy, Harmonizing Clinical Care, and Benchmarking and Registries.
Convening experts with the power to make real change
The objective of this meeting was to build on the progress that the working groups have made over the past year. Each group focuses on a key aspect of the development of Centers of Reference, taking a divide-and-conquer approach to capitalize on experts’ strengths and workshop ideas with the larger team.
We have learned recently that when a first-of-its-kind therapy comes to market, it isn’t magically going to be adopted by physicians and administered to people. There is a significant amount of prep work that has to happen to ensure that every connection is made so that these therapies, and ultimately people with T1D, succeed.
This meeting is that work, led by the leaders in the field.

Working group #1: HCP Training and Education
The group identified which topics around islet cell therapies should be included in educational programs for aspiring T1D medical professionals, including eligibility for islet cell therapies, the transplant procedure itself, post-transplant care, and long-term monitoring. Importantly, the ultimate career path of the trainee should play a factor in which topics require further education versus a brief overview. For example, a psychologist working with the T1D community may not have the same educational needs as a transplant surgeon, but both should understand T1D cell therapy basics.
Working group #2: Clinical Access to Cell Therapies
This group focused on how to best educate HCPs and people with T1D about emerging islet cell therapies. The team found that most people who receive cell therapies self-refer, but misconceptions are a major barrier to pursuing them. Priority areas for increasing awareness in the T1D community are communicating through social media, creating an easy-to-use landing page or website with information and opportunities to connect with medical teams, and connecting people with peers who have received islet cell transplants. In terms of HCPs, the group is focused on creating referral pathways, using artificial intelligence to help establish clinical workflows for islet cell transplants, and utilizing professional organizations to connect with and educate the T1D medical community.
Working group #3: Harmonizing Clinical Care
This group has one of the most challenging tasks: creating a roadmap for the clinical implementation of islet cell therapies. This includes determining eligibility based on defined clinical measures, reaching consensus on the best way to approach care before, during, and immediately after islet cell therapy, and consistent long-term monitoring. To add to the challenge, this roadmap must be applied across diverse clinical settings in different countries. The experts in the room—some of the most prominent T1D physicians and transplant surgeons in the world—made significant progress in defining clinical measures and tools that should be used in islet cell transplants.
Working group #4: Benchmarking and Center Readiness
Centers of Reference will be held to the highest standards to ensure they are providing top-quality clinical care to people receiving islet cell transplants. To make this possible, this group created a framework for assessing Center readiness, collaborating with registries for data-sharing, and benchmarking to evaluate Center effectiveness. This includes development of specific criteria laying out what each Center needs, such as a complete islet cell therapy care team, established processes for quality and safety, research teams, and more.
One theme was clear throughout nearly all of the working groups: incorporating the perspectives of people with T1D is absolutely critical. The groups agreed that clinical decision-making around islet cell therapies is about more than just someone’s blood sugar—the way a person feels, their level of diabetes distress, and their individual circumstances are key factors to integrate into shared decisions between people and their care teams.
Over the next 12 months, each team will follow up on the challenges, solutions, and immediate next steps identified during the meeting to keep progress moving. Thanks to everyone’s hard work over a productive and exciting two days, we are accelerating faster than ever toward the development of expert Centers of Reference.
What the experts are saying

“Cell therapies are getting closer and closer to reality, and our partners in the clinic must be ready to implement them. This is a good problem to have! We know that new therapies will take far too long to reach the people that need them if we don’t have an established clinical infrastructure. We have the best people in the world in the room, working through the problem with us, to ensure that when these therapies do become an approved therapy option, the T1D community can benefit as soon as possible.”
-Thomas Danne, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer International at Breakthrough T1D
“Our hope is that Centers of Reference enable preparedness and expedite the delivery of new cell therapies—as they are approved—to become immediately accessible to people with T1D most in need of a novel intervention for the treatment of their diabetes.”
-Michael Rickels, M.D., M.S., Medical Director, Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplant Program, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania


“Breakthrough T1D is proactively working now to identify and remove current and future barriers to T1D cell therapy coverage. By working with payers and policymakers now, we will accelerate broader access to T1D cell therapies.”
-Aaron Turner-Phifer, Senior Director of Health Policy at Breakthrough T1D
“Centers of Reference can help prepare healthcare systems around the globe for future cell therapies in T1D by building the expertise and standards needed to deliver them safely. They also help share experiences and best practices so more hospitals are ready to adopt these treatments over time.”
-Carmen Hurtado del Pozo, Ph.D., Director of European Research at Breakthrough T1D

Steady progress towards our goal
Manufactured islet cell therapies are coming. It is not a matter of if, but when. We are at a critical moment and need to ensure that HCPs are ready. Teamwork will get these therapies into clinics so people with T1D don’t have to wait years to get them.
This is why Breakthrough T1D is acting now: when the first manufactured islet cell therapy becomes commercially available, multidisciplinary care teams around the world will be prepared. This is essential to our Project ACT initiative, which is accelerating islet cell therapies that do not require immunosuppression for the T1D community.
Our goal is to advance islet cell transplants and establish Centers of Reference around the world, so that people anywhere can access these therapies as they become available. Centers of Reference are leading the way for safe and effective integration of manufactured cell therapies into clinics. These annual meetings provide a platform for international experts to connect and refine these Centers over two days of idea-sharing and collaboration. We’re already looking forward to seeing what the team will have accomplished by this time next year!